Kugeza ubu, amahame mpuzamahanga y’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga mu bikoresho n’ibikoresho bifata amajwi n'amashusho ni IEC60950, IEC60065, aho babikoresha ni 2000m hejuru y’inyanja munsi y’akarere, cyane cyane ahantu humye ndetse n’ikirere gishyuha cyangwa gishyuha kugira ngo bakoreshe ibikoresho, kandi biri hejuru ubutumburuke bwibidukikije bikwiranye nibikorwa byumutekano bigomba kugaragarira mubisanzwe.

Isi ifite kilometero kare miliyoni 19.8 z'ubutaka hejuru ya 2000m hejuru yinyanja, ikubye kabiri Ubushinwa.Utu turere tw’imisozi miremire dukwirakwizwa cyane muri Aziya no muri Amerika y'Epfo, muri byo ibihugu n'uturere twinshi muri Amerika y'Epfo birenga metero 2000 hejuru y’inyanja kandi bituwe.Nyamara, kubera ubukungu bwasubiye inyuma ndetse nubuzima buke muri ibi bihugu no mu turere, igipimo cy’ibikoresho by’amakuru nacyo kiri hasi cyane ， Kubera iyo mpamvu, urwego rw’ibipimo ntirujuje ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga kandi ntirwita ku zindi umutekano bisabwa hejuru ya metero 2000.Nubwo Amerika na Kanada, biherereye muri Amerika ya Ruguru, byateye imbere mu bukungu kandi bikoreshwa cyane mu makuru n’ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, nta bantu hafi ya bose baba hejuru ya 2000m, bityo rero UL yo muri Amerika ntabwo ifite ibisabwa byiyongera ku muvuduko muke . Byongeye kandi, ibihugu byinshi bigize IEC biri mu Burayi, aho ubutaka bugaragara cyane.Gusa ibihugu bike, nka Otirishiya na Sloveniya, bifite ibice biri hejuru ya 2000m hejuru y’inyanja, uduce twinshi two mu misozi, ikirere kibi ndetse n’abaturage bake.Kubwibyo rero, uburayi bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi EN60950 hamwe n’ibipimo mpuzamahanga IEC60950 ntibireba ingaruka z’ibidukikije hejuru ya 2000m ku mutekano w’ibikoresho by’amakuru n’ibikoresho by’amajwi n'amashusho。Gusa muri uyu mwaka gusa mu bikoresho bisanzwe IEC61010: 2001 (Gupima, kugenzura no gukoresha amashanyarazi muri laboratoire umutekano wibikoresho) yatanze igice cyo hejuru cyo gukosora amashanyarazi.Ingaruka z'ubutumburuke bukabije ku izitangwa zitangwa muri IEC664A, ariko ingaruka z'uburebure buri hejuru ku izamuka ry'ubushyuhe ntizitekerezwaho.

Bitewe n’imiterere y’imiterere y’ibihugu byinshi bigize IEC, ibikoresho rusange byikoranabuhanga byamakuru hamwe nibikoresho byamajwi n'amashusho bikoreshwa cyane murugo no mubiro, kandi ntibizakoreshwa mubidukikije hejuru ya 2000m, kubwibyo ntibifatwa.Ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi, nka moteri, transformateur n'ibindi bikoresho by'amashanyarazi bizakoreshwa ahantu habi nk'imisozi, bityo rero bifatwa nk'ibipimo by'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho byo gupima.

Hamwe n’iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’Ubushinwa no kurushaho kunoza ivugurura no gufungura politiki, ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki by’igihugu cyacu byateye imbere byihuse, urwego rwo gukoresha ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki narwo rwagutse, kandi rufite uruhare runini mu bihe byinshi.Muri icyo gihe, hitabwa cyane ku mutekano w’ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki.

1.Imiterere yubushakashatsi niterambere ryibipimo byumutekano byibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki.

Kuva ivugurura no gufungura, ababanjirije mu bipimo ngenderwaho by’umutekano w’ibicuruzwa by’imbere mu gihugu ubushakashatsi, ikizamini cy’umutekano no gutanga ibyemezo bakoze imirimo myinshi, mu nyigisho y’ibanze y’ubushakashatsi bw’umutekano hari intambwe imaze guterwa, icyarimwe bahora bakurikirana amahame mpuzamahanga namakuru ya tekiniki y’ibihugu byateye imbere standards Ibipimo by’igihugu nka GB4943 (umutekano w’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho), GB8898 (ibisabwa by’umutekano w’ibikoresho by’amajwi na videwo) na GB4793 (umutekano w’ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi bikoreshwa mu gupima, kugenzura no muri laboratoire), ariko ibyinshi muribi bipimo byahujwe nibidukikije biri munsi ya 2000m hejuru yinyanja, naho Ubushinwa bufite ubuso bunini.Imiterere yimiterere yimiterere yikirere iragoye cyane.Agace ko mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba ahanini ni ikibaya, gifite umubare munini w'abaturage bahatuye。Ibice biri hejuru ya 1000m bingana na 60% by'ubutaka bwose bw'Ubushinwa, abari hejuru ya 2000m bangana na 33%, naho abari hejuru ya 3000m bangana na 16%.Muri byo, uturere turi hejuru ya 2000m twibanze cyane muri Tibet, Qinghai, Yunnan, Sichuan, imisozi ya Qinling ndetse n’imisozi y’iburengerazuba ya Sinayi ， Harimo Kunming, Xining, Lhasa n’indi mijyi mikuru y’intara ituwe cyane, utu turere dufite umutungo kamere kamere byihutirwa. hakenewe iterambere, hamwe n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya politiki y’iterambere ry’ibihugu by’iburengerazuba, hazaba hari umubare munini w’impano n’ishoramari muri utwo turere, ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga mu makuru n’ibikoresho by’amajwi n'amashusho nabyo bizakoreshwa ari byinshi.

Byongeye kandi, mugihe twinjiye muri WTO, ni ngombwa cyane cyane kurengera uburenganzira n’inyungu z’abaguzi b’abashinwa hakoreshejwe tekiniki aho gukoresha ubuyobozi.Ibihugu byinshi byateye imbere byose bitanga ibyifuzo byihariye bijyanye ninyungu zabo bwite mugihe bitumiza ibicuruzwa bya elegitoronike ukurikije ibihe bifatika Muri ubu buryo, urinda ubukungu bwawe kimwe n’abaguzi bawe.Mu ncamake, ni ingenzi cyane gusobanukirwa ningaruka z’ibidukikije ahantu hahanamye cyane ku bicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki, cyane cyane ku mikorere y’umutekano.

2.Ingaruka z'umuvuduko muke kumikorere yumutekano wibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki.

Umuvuduko muke uvugwa muriyi mpapuro ukubiyemo gusa imiterere yubutaka, ntabwo ari indege, ikirere, ikirere n’ibidukikije hejuru ya 6000m.Kubera ko hari abantu bake baba mu bice biri hejuru ya 6000m, ingaruka z’ibidukikije ziri munsi ya 6000m ku mutekano w’ibicuruzwa bya elegitoronike bisobanurwa nkurwego rwo kuganiriraho ， Kugereranya ingaruka z’ikirere gitandukanye hejuru no munsi ya 2000m ku mikorere y’umutekano w’ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki .Nk’uko abayobozi mpuzamahanga n’ibisubizo by’ubushakashatsi biriho ubu, ingaruka zo kugabanya umuvuduko w’ikirere ku mikorere y’umutekano w’ibicuruzwa bya elegitoronike zigaragarira cyane cyane mu ngingo zikurikira ：

(1) Gazi cyangwa amazi asohoka mugikonoshwa gifunze
(2) Ikintu gifunga kashe cyacitse cyangwa giturika
(3) Ingaruka z'umuvuduko muke mukwirinda ikirere (icyuho cyamashanyarazi)
(4) Ingaruka z'umuvuduko muke mukwirakwiza ubushyuhe (kuzamuka k'ubushyuhe)

Muri iyi nyandiko, haraganiriweho ingaruka z'umuvuduko muke mukwirinda ikirere no guhererekanya ubushyuhe.Kuberako ibidukikije byumuvuduko muke bidafite ingaruka kumurwango ukomeye, ntabwo rero bisuzumwa.

3 Ingaruka z'umuvuduko muke kuri breakdown voltage yumuriro w'amashanyarazi.

Imiyoboro ikoreshwa mugutandukanya voltage iteje akaga cyangwa ubushobozi butandukanye bushingiye cyane cyane kubikoresho.Ibikoresho byo kubika ni dielectric ikoreshwa mugukingira.Bafite ubushobozi buke, ariko ntabwo rwose bayobora.Kurwanya insulasiyo nimbaraga zumuriro wibikoresho byo kubika bigabanijwe nubucucike buriho bunyura mubikoresho.Imyitwarire ni kimwe mu bisubizo byo kurwanya。Kubera impamvu z'umutekano, muri rusange twizera ko kurwanya insulasiyo y'ibikoresho byangiza ari binini bishoboka.Ibikoresho byokuzigama cyane cyane birimo ibikoresho byokwirinda gaze, ibikoresho byokwirinda amazi nibikoresho bikomeye, hamwe na gazi iciriritse nicyuma gikoreshwa cyane mubicuruzwa byamakuru bya elegitoronike nibicuruzwa byamajwi na videwo kugirango bigere ku ntego yo gukumira, bityo ubwiza bwibikoresho bikingira bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye imikorere yumutekano yibicuruzwa.